Internal-combustion engine



' C. A. JOY. INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE. APPLICATION FILED APR.27,1920.

102,866. Patented Jan. 10, 1922.

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' FtZO 7'72 63 C. A. JOY. INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE. APPLICATION FILED A'PR. 27. 1920.

1,402,8 6, Patented Jan. 10,1922.

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INTERNAL COMBUSTIDN ENGINE.

APPLICATION men APR. 27, 1920.

1,402,866. Patented Jan. 10,1922. 4 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

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INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE. APPLICATION FILED APR. 27. 1920.

1,402,866. Patented Jan. 10, 1922.

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Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented J an. 10, 1922.

Application filed April 27, 1920. Serial No. 376,952.

Too w 72.0117. it may concern Be it known that I, (II-memes A- Joy, a citizen of the United States, and resident of the city of Olympia, county of Thurston, and State of Washington, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Internal-Combustion Engines, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to improvements in internal combustion engines, and more particularly to engines of that class known as double-acting, or duplex engines, and which are of a type comprising pistons which reciprocate within cylinders provided with explosion chambers at their opposite ends and into which fuel charges are admitted, ignited and discharged in proper sequence to impart driving power-to the pistons in both directions of reciprocation.

It is the principal object of the invention to provide an improved engine of this character wherein reciprocation of the pistons imparts oscillatory motion to a rocker shaft, and this in turn, through the intermediacy of a crank arm thereon and a rod which connects the crank arm witha crank shaft, im-

parts rotary motion to the latter so that it may be used in the usual manner for machine driving purposes.

It is also an object of the invention to improve in the design and manner of connection of the fuel inlet manifold with the explosion chambers, so that preheating the fuel charges before they enter the cylinders is effected. Also to provide pistons of novel construction which contain the fuel inlet valves and to provide simple and effective means for controlling the inlet and exhaust valves.

In accomplishing these and other objects of the invention, I have provided the improved details of construction, the preferred forms of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein- Fig.

gine constructed according to the present 1 is a transverse vertical section. through the cylinders and body of an en Fig. 5 is a partial end view of the engine,

showing the driving connection provided between the crank arm of the rocker shaft and the revolving crank shaft.

Referring more in detail to the several views of the drawings, wherein like refer ence numerals designate like parts 1 designates the body or casing of anengine wherein cylinders 2 and 3 are arranged in parallel, spaced apart relation and which at their upper ends are closed by means of end plates 45 secured thereto by means of bolts 5 and at their lower ends are closed by means of end walls 6 formed integrally with the cylinder bodies and having openings? centrally therein which are normally closed by plugs or caps 7 threaded thereinto.

Mounted within the .cylinders so that they may be reciprocated therein, are pistons 8,

provided at their opposite ends with heads 9 which are preferably equipped with the usual packing rings 10 to prevent leakage and are reduced in size at the center and provided with pivot pins 11 whereon bearing'blocks 12 are mounted. These blocks are contained and adapted to slide longitudinally within the slotted opposite ends of a rocker arm 13 which is fixed centrally and perpendicularly to a rocker shaft 14 pivotally supported between and in a line perpendicular to the plane of the axial lines of the cylinders, within bearings 15 and 16 at opposite sides of the rocker arm and a bearing 17 formed in an end plate 18 which is fixed to the engine housing in such manner that it may be removed to permit access to the interior parts. A. crank arm 20 is keyed onto a tapered section 21 of the rocker shaft between the bearings 16 and 17 and held in place against a collar 22 on the shaft by means of a nut 23 that is threaded onto the shaft adjacent the tapered.

crank arm and at its opposite end is operatively attached to the throw 25 of a crank shaft 26 which is revolubly mounted parallel with and below the rocker shaft in spaced apart bearings 27 and 27 located connectiongbetween the pistons and rocker shaft, and the connection between the latter and the crank shaft are such that reciproca tion of the pistons will impart oscillatory motion to the rocker shaft and the latter will impart revoluble motion to the crank shaft so that it may be used for the usual driving purposes.

Fuel charges are admitted into the explosion chambers of the cylinders through an inlet manifold which may be connected at its outer end with the usual carbureter. not shown, and extends downwardly between the cylinder walls and opens thereinto through passages 31 and 32 located centrally in their adjacent side walls. The piston bodies are substantially hollow and are provided with side openings 33 through which the ends of the rocker arm 13 may extend to effect the connections with the pivot pins 11, and which also permits the intaken fuel to enter the interior of the pistons from which it is fed into the various explosion chambers through outwardly opening poppet valves 35 in the piston heads. These valves are of the usual type and are'mounted at the ends of stems 36 that are slidably contained in the cylinder heads. Normally the valves are retained closed by means of coiled springs 37 which hear at their opposite ends against the inner surfaces of the piston heads and against plates 38 fixed to the inher ends of the stems 36, but the springs are adapted to yield and let the valve open during the suction stroke so that fuel charges are admitted into the explosion chambers.

' Formed integrally with the cylinder bodies and at the outer ends thereof are laterally extending housings 40 containing pockets 41 which open into the explosion chambers and into exhaust channels 12 through which the burned fuel charges are expelled from the engine. Inwardly opening poppet valves are located within the exhaust channels to control the exhaust of explosion chambers a, b, c, and d, Figure 1,

in the order named.

Each of the valves 50 comprises the usual head that is mounted at the inner end of a .57 fixed to the outer ends thereof.

Mounted in a radial manner about the end of the rocker shaft 14 at the outer side of the bearing 15, and extending in the direction of the four exhaust valves, are slidably mounted push rods 60 which at their I inner ends are adapted to engage a cam head 61 formed on an extended hub portion of a "gear wheel 63 that is revolubly mounted on the end of the shaft and which is driven revolubly at one half the rate, and from the crank shaft by means of intermeshing idler gear wheels 65 and 66 which respectively operate in mesh with the gear wheel 63 and a gear 67 formed on the crank shaft.

The outer ends of the push rods engage rocker arms 70 which are mounted to move pivotally on pins 71 extended into the en gine housing the former having laterally extended portions 72 provided at their ends with adjustment screws 7 3 which may be ad justed against the outer ends of the valve stems 55. The construction and arrangement is such that as the cam head 61 revolves, the push rods are successively engaged and moved outwardly to rock the arms 70 to cause the opening of the exhaust valves 50 and permit the discharge of the burned fuel charges from the cylinders of the engine. I

I have also provided means for driving the magneto, which consists'in mounting a gear wheel 80 to travel operatively in mesh with. the gear wheel 63 at a point above the shaft 14 and which has driving connection through a shaft 81 with 'the magneto shaft 82. The shaft 81. extends through a passageway 84 provided in the inlet manifold 30 and is operatively connected at its opposite ends with the driving gear and magneto shaft by means of flexible connections as shown at 85.

I have also provided a pump for the circulation of oil from the crank case to the parts needing lubrication. This pump comprises a pump cylinder 90 that ismounted in the base of the crank case and vwhich has a piston 91 therein which. is urged outwardly, by a coiled spring 92 within the cylinder into engagement with a cam surface 1 5 93 on the crank shaft. A port94t leads from the base of the cylinder into the crank case equipped with a back check valve 95 and an outlet port 96 leads from the cylinder with which oil circulation pipes or tubes may be connected to feed oil to different parts of the engine. The latter outlet is also equipped with a back check valve which prevents a return of the oil to the pump cylinder as the piston moves upwardly.

In order-to facilitate the removal or setting of the exhaust valves, I provide the xtensions or pocket housings 40 with openings 97 in coaxial alinement with the valve seats through which the valves maybe 12 moved to position before the openings are closed by plugs or caps 98 threaded thereinto.

Access to the rocker shaft is had through openings 99, in-the sides of the cylinders in 125 alinement with the openings 31 and 32 and which are normally closed by plates 100.

One of the important details of construction is the manner of taking up wear between the slotted ends of the rocker arm 130 is and: the blocks 12, which slide therein.

This is done by means" of wedge plates- 101 that are fitted between the blocks 12 and 3 longitudinal edge of the slot, as is shown on the blocks.

Assuming that the engine is so constructed, with the magneto properly timed to explode i'ntaken fuel charges at the proper time and the cam properly located to open the exhaust valves at the start of the exliaust strokes, operation of the engine would be as follows:

lifovemcnt of the piston heads away from their respective ends of the cylinders creates a vacuum pressure which will unseat the inlet valves and intake a fuel charge from the inlet manifold. The following outward stroke of each piston compresses the intaken charges and they are fired by the spark plugs at the proper time and in proper sequence to reciprocate the pistons. Following outward strokes exhaust the burned charges from the cylinders and on the inward strokes new fuel charges are intaken as before described.

hat I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters-Patent is:

1. An engine of the character described comprising in combination, a pair of parallel, spaced apart cylinders having exhaust valves at their outer ends, pistons mounted for reciprocation in said cylinders having outwardly opening valves in their opposite ends, a fuel supply manifold opening into the cylinders to deliver fuel charges to the opposite ends of the cylinders through the valves in the piston ends, a rocker arm, mounted between the cylinders and operatively connected at its opposite ends to the pistons and means operable by movement of the rocker arm for actuating the exhaust valves.

2. In an engine of the character described a cylinder having explosion chambers at its opposite ends, and having a fuel inlet opening thereinto between its ends, a piston mounted for reciprocation within said cylinder, having an open side moving in com- 1 munication with the fuel inlet opening, outwardly opening valves in the opposite ends of said piston, exhaust valves for the explosion chambers and means operable by movement of the piston for actuating the exhaust valves.

3. An engine of the character described comprising a pair of parallel cylinders having exhaust valves at their opposite ends, and having a fuel passage opening at its opposite ends centrally thereinto, pistons mounted for reciprocation within said cylinders, each having an open side moving in communication with said passage opening,

outwardly opening suction controlled valves mounted in the opposite ends of said pistons, a maker shaft mounted b tween the cylindersand extending through said passage, a rocker arm fixed on said shaft and ope'rativelyfixed at its ends to said-pistons, a fuel supply manifold opening into said passage and means for actuating the exhaust' valves by movement of the" rocker shaft.

4; In an engine of the character described, a pair of parallel, spaced cylinders, pistons mounted for reciprocation in said cylinders, outwardly opening fuel inlet valves mounted in the opposite ends of the said pistons, a fuel inlet manifold having connnuni'cation with explosion chambers within the opposite ends of said cylinders through said pistons and inlet valves, exhaust channels leading from the opposite ends of the cylinders, valves controlling said exhaust chan nels a rocker shaft extended between the cylinders, a rocker arm fixed on said shaft and slidably fixed at its' opposite' ends to the said pistons, a crank shaft rotatably driven from said rocker shaft, means for normally retaining the inlet valves closed but permitting them to open under vacuum pressure created within the explosion chambers to admit fuel charges into the latter and means operated from the crank shaft for actuating the exhaust valves.

5. In an engine of the character described, parallel, spaced apart cylinders, pistons mounted for reciprocation within said cylinders and forming explosion chambers in the opposite endsvthereof; said pistons being substantially hollow and having heads at their opposite ends, outwardly opening poppet valves mounted in the heads-of said pistons, a rocker shaft mounted between the cylinders and 'operatively connected with the said pistons, a fuel inlet manifold communicating with the explosion chambers through said inlet valves, exhaust channels leading from the outer ends of the said cylinders, valves for controlling the exhaust of fuel charges through the said channels, a crank arm on the rocker shaft, a crank shaft mounted parallel with the rocker shaft, a rod connecting the crank arm with the crank shaft whereby oscillation of the former rotates the latter, a gear wheel fixed on the crank shaft, a gear wheel operatively driven by the crank shaft gear wheel and having a cam thereon, and means operable by the said cam for successively opening the exhaust valves for the purpose set forth. 7

6. In an engine of the character described, a pair of parallel, spaced apart cylinders, pistons mounted for reciprocation within the said cylinders and forming explosion chambers at the opposite ends there of, outwardly opening valves in the op osite ends of said pistons, pivot pins fixed 1n the pistons between their ends. a rocker shaft 'mounted between the cylinders, a rocker arm fixedto the said rocker shaft and having sliding connection at its opposite ends with the said pivot pins, an inlet manifold communicating with the explosion chambers through the said pistons and valves in the ends thereof, exhaust channels leading from the outer ends of the said cylinders, valves for controlling the exhaust through said channels, a crank shaft operatively driven by :the rocker shaft, means driven by the crank shaft for successively igniting fuel charges admitted into the explosion chambers, and means operated by the crank shaft for actuating the exhaust valves in proper sequence for operation of the engine.

7. An engine of the character described comprising a pair of parallel, spaced apart cylinders, pistons mounted for reciprocation in said cylinders, outwardly opening valves mounted in the opposite ends of said pistons, an inlet manifold extending between the cylinders and opening thereinto be tween the ends of the pistons and communicating with explosion chambers at the opposite ends of the cylinders through said valves, pivot pins fixed within the pistons intermediate their ends, bearing blocks pivotally mounted on said pins, a rocker shaft mounted between the cylinders, a rocker arm fixed to said shaft and having slots at its opposite ends wherein said blocks are slidably contained, a crank shaft rotatably driven by the rocker shaft, a gear wheel fixed on the crankshaft, a second gear wheel driven from said crank shaft gear having a cam thereon, push rods mounted radially about the cam wheel to be successively acted upon by said cam, exhaust channels leading from the outer ends of the said cylinders, valves in said exhaust channels adapted to be actuated by said push rods to open position and a magneto driven by connection with the cam wheel to ignitev fuel charges delivered to the explosion chambers in proper sequence to effect the operation of the engine.

Signed at Olympia, Washington, this 19 day of April, 1920.

' CHARLES A. JOY. 

